III. Lịch sử phát hiện
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b ' MN'Vp"j ;+
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w"0;N'pv":"&VC"_C'S"KU' 0;'%" +
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2?4
B. Tổng quan về Enzyme Amylase
I. Phân loại :
! 7J"_:%C Vp"Ud0;F_1KZ
N M;[0;UZC M;[+
- Endoamylase : Q"_E2Z(8+F+3+3[0;_Y>:+_
Y>:;Vp"" '; C 1Y>'S"' d;%%ZE2KU' 2
%"K[Z(8+F+3+3[ŒY> :' d;'%"Z 23J2%" K[
Z(8+F+3+F[0;23J2%" KZ(8+F+3+3[+(:";']&":" *Yd'
M*'"]"%• "" K+
2Exoamylase+&;t']&' MN''>V\%Y)Y>"]"%•
"" K+_;Q"_1
…G2Z(8+F+3+F[
…%" KZ%"H2[Z(8+F+3+8[
Các loại Enzyme endoAmylase và exoAmylase
* Sự khác biệt giữa các loại Enzyme Amylase:
2(:"C Y)"•Y:"%yVx"'q;"sY:"%y!
C'VN0;'q@V=06 7'
2w"VNbe"]a'%N"0;!J 7'VNJe"VN_"]"
"L'+(:""_%Qw"Y:"%{"_'q"L'J""d':"Ka0;b
r"%w "h"]A%:'<']&Y:"%+
24
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G2 H2
K
Y>:
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#>'S"' d
E2KU' 2%"K
Z%%[
#> :' d
23J2%" K
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O;3J2%" K
2"_%Qw"Y:"%{"_';\J'q"L'J 7'VNC'VNJ!
'w %0;":"Vx"V ^']&Y:"%+
II. Hệ Enzyme Amylase:
1. Enzyme α-Amylase (α-1,4-glucanohydrolase) (EC 3.2.1.1):
a) Cấu tạo:
E2;' "_&'>p'LJ'l}'Yb?+
Vd++(_N'w'lpVx"M 7' E2'R; 0 Y%r Bacillus
macerans"_&'>p*Vd38++dl 'VnM d'L'Ž":""%• " K
"]3C E2"•"_FC E2;'Y2'R Apergillus
orysee0;E2"]'apVp" *"e%Yƒ0B<'^Y) "L%'g"MP"8+
,6 V&":" *"e%0B'qVQL'"]"%• C"" K 0;0B0hY=6""
'L":""%• C"" K "]'L'"b":"E2VB%"_"L%'g"MP"8'
'S%+
Cấu trúc không gian của α-Amylase
b) Cơ chế tác dụng của α-Amylase:
E2'R":"%QY:"%"_ B%V BL' w%+E2"_Yb
f&"o'":" *Yd'E23J2%" K}yqM*'&'>""L'Z' MN'x"
2D4
"[N'":"‚% *JY)'N''P''S;"b+E2Y)"•']&
Q' MN';_']&"bC'' MN'%*06 'w"VNL'"P+
€%:'<']&' MN'My E2;A%:'<V VC1
…• VCV\%Z VCKU' _[1(•N'w&'>""L'M=']&'C
';N'p6KU' &'>'LZE2KU' [JVN6'"]Q' MN' bZ":"
0;"' VB%M=K="_[+
…/ VCFZ VCVl_[1(:"KU' &'>'L'C';M=']
&' d'a"'C":"''2' 'Y)";%06 K +(:""L';M=']&
L'"PMy E2 "'6 K "" K0;"" K+ 6 ':"Ka"]E2
JM=& b Y:'; "" KQ2Dw"%"Z0<0PJ
l '"}E2%)&"o'';'RVC2Dw"%"
3[+
…/%V_J":" %";M=&"o'' d'a"'C*":"C"%""
"eoK\0;M=& b "PVd'''J'' 0;'+€%N''l
':"KaK; Jbr']&"]"e38•%"0;D•'+:"Ka
"]E2*"' "mUb''S0<Y)&"o'Vp" *Yd'E2
3J2" Ky"•C":'&'>"' *Kh"_"=%':"Ka&%'<b
r"%w "hJ; ":"Vl_ '*ZDF•'0;3T•%"["s"_KU' &
'>'L0; '•+
_C JK6 ':"Ka"]E2J' MN'"_'^"%^';'''J
'J%"0;KU' &'>'L+% *J')'lE2"•']&
' MN'"]d%';KU' &'>'LY)";%06 9K 0;N'q''+#b
fKU' _""]E2;'q"L'Vx"'"]_+O<0PJl ''lj
C ;;KU' _K="_+
(:" VC"]A%:'<']&' MN'"]E21
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MN' KU' &'>p'L
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U' ''0;' 'K ‘"" K
" K %"
,''' '''
c) Đặc tính α-Amylase
24
E2
E2'R":"%QY:"%"_';\ " KY:"%J• C E2
"_N''@p " KVx" 7% *+E2;N'' ;%' J
''J" K%' "0;' "+(:"%' "" K0;' "" K" dYb’'@
p " K"L%';*&'>1
…E2"_q'' 0;"_YbD23w""' +
…jp&'>"] E2Lw"1?+2?+Z# 3T?Œ
“ J/' J3T[+
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…' "]":"E2"_'q" Kd%0;"_'q"L'"]M% +
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(–JY)q'32%*'>–(' 0;S<';0;@
V="L%'g"MP"8"]JK%'<C'VN"]Z,K0J3T?[+V_J(
"s"_0 'sK%'<S'Q'C "]Y M=':"VNMy ":"':"&&M d'q0;
':"VN"]":"& b ' +d%&'>E2M=C Mvd'('<_{
;';M=L'd'Ybf']&""L'+E2MB06 7'VN":"
Y:"+x"'q;"_{ *A%Vd;p('&'>0;QVN,
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' [1 •JŒ" •JŒ0 •JTŒ%" •J8Œ9%" •?JFŒ •
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…"' •3JŒ%' "" K•JTŒ K•3J?ZYM ' 3T?[+#) w
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ZYM ' J3T?[+O 's"];0‚"ŽJVnM d'Vp"}_
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0;'UM=']&'VQ%1
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2T4
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d%;'J'eVd;'' +QVN E2"]O/O'Vw 6"_'^
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Vl_"]"dr'RAsp.orysee'0h?J2JF+(s'w 7%"]
“ U0'<!'w 'q""C'VNKU' _"]_;J2DJ+
NMBVw 06 ':"Ka"]" K"mY:"Y:"%+E2"]Asp.oryseeMB
0tVw 06 " K'w';E2"]'0;0 Y%rBac.subtilis+•!•8J0;
(JE2
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?•J'Y V_C'S""] E2"]Lp <Y) bM *%
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?J?ŒE2KU' _"]Lp V"_'^"=%Vp"!'RFJ?2FJ+•
(0;!•
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7'VN'w 'q""C'VNUg"':""]E2'R":"%QY:"%"m
Y)VQL'JE2"]Lp L'C"bVw 06 ':"VN 7'+ 7'VN'w
'q""]_;?
(0;M=0)C'yD
(Z# J3TT3[+
K%K="V7!•JDJE2"]Asp.oryseeL'C06 ':"VN"]
7'VN"J'P"qy
('8 lC'S"KU' _"]_"•"sFF2FT•JC'
234
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Một số tính chất của α-Amylase từ vi sinh vật
Tên vi sinh vật pH
opt
T
opt
Phân tử lượng (kD)
Bacillus acidocaldarius 8J? D?
Bacillus stearothermophilus J?4J? ?4D8
Bacillus subtilis ?J84J ? D
Acinetobacter sp.I DJ ?4?? ??
Acinetobacter sp.II DJ ?4?? ?
Bacteroides amylophilus J8 8 TF
Micrococcus halobius J4DJ ?4?? T
Streptomyces hygroscopicus ?J4J ?4??
Streptomyces aureofaciens J4?J8
Thermonospora curvata ?J?4J ? F
Aspergillus prysee ?J?4?JT ?F
Mucor pusillus 8J?4J ?4D
Lipomyces kononenkaae ?J? 8
Schwaniomyces castellii J
2. Enzyme β-Amylase (β-1,4-glucan-maltohydrolase) (EC 3.2.1.2):
a) Cấu tạo:
G2 7K 7@M dy'S"0P'JVx"M 7';C'b\+•'":"C'm
"w"b\JG2Ug"':"S'%z&":" *Yd'3JE2%"'' MN'J
%"0;"" KJ&"o''R_''RV\%Y)Y>"]C"+,'
Vp"'C';KSUg"':""]G2"_"L%<G+
•m"w"JG2' 0;S& b "]' MN''A%:'<b\
"]C'+•gJG2Vp"'@p'%w'A%:'<"]C'0;\%Y)Vp"
'@pyC'Y)+•gC"J"_x'y'C'Y)J_Vp"'q"m'%w'
A%:'<:'' ^"]C'JY yKC *Yd'J;;N'&'>"_'jp
&'>;+0;Y M=&"o'My N''{Vp"_'q"K6 KC'SK
0;"_Yw p&'>;?T++
b) Cơ chế tác dụng của β-Amylase:
G2;N'C M;ZU[+ d'<& b Mo'V\%'RV\%
Y)Y>"]":":; "h""L'+G2&"o'":" *Yd'E23J%" K
Y x *Yd'E23J%" KVeYd"P *Yd'E23J%" K'<_{R':"
Ka+\"" K"sC ;KU' &'>6"_"eL' B% *Yd'E23J
%" K0;Vp"j ;G2KU' +
("d':"Ka"]G2*' MN'
2334
MN'
2
β
→
'Z?2?•[…G2KU' ZF2•[
Z%"[
MN'M='%z&VQ'l My "bE0;G2'<p' MN''%z&'6 T?•+
c) Đặc tính của β-Amylase:
G2;N'M% J'&Ug"':""_"e_4/!J_W2(II!0;0s
K"]":"w" ' K 0;;C M;ZU[
G2 Y) MB Y "_ (
F…
J G2 M=Y< n My (%
F…
J !
F…
J %J
K "' KJ K J|
G2"=% 7'YiE2MB06 " K+G2M=ML'
C'y 7'VND
(+ 7'VN'w 'q""]G2;??
(J!?J34?J?+
0;""d':"Ka"]G2'l"_N'_"MU'^ 7
'q"L': &0;N'_ K'^ 7'q"L': "'+/S="Vb<'^
"]""MZ(3[Vp"'S" 7l0 7"'C';p"L'VQ:'='%
Y ^%'U' t""M0;_""MU"]'&C'VN+/%V_';M=
&%zMy ':"VN"]3&'>6"*_""MUV^ b _E2'0;
;%*_""MU"]+
Các đặc tính của β-Amylase
Nguồn gốc Enzyme pH
opt
T
opt
Phân tử lượng (kD)
C C" ?JF 2 ?
g< ?JF4?J ?? JF
•' ?J ?? ?D
# ?J4J ?4?? ?
B.cerus DJ ?
B.polymyxa DJ? F
B.megaterium J? 2? ?
3. Enzyme γ-Amylase (glucoamylase) (EC 3.2.1.3):
a) Cấu tạo:
H2Z%"E23J2%"2%"K[;t"_'^
'%z&Vp""b Y ^% *Yd'"]":"C"E2%"V^ b _yKCG+
5%"H2 "]d%Vp"'CMy ":"0 0P'+x"M 7';Y ^%L
w" %J " %0;X %
%" K'RLw";":"' "_Yw p&'>pKVNL'
6'RFD+Vd33F+'%˜'%N"0;%Qw""]
_ "%'<":"%" KVB%"e":"w"*' J' 'J0;N'>
w""' +% *w A%7 t"%• " K J"L%'g"MP"80;C'VN"]
23F4
0‚ " Vp" ; : 'v 'L' "b ":" %" K 'R L w" VB% ;
%"' "e'R?2F•%U ''V_"]d%;":""" K%"J
"'0;%"
(:"%" K"]d%Vp"'C*'R 90;99Y:"%yYb
f'%z&' MN'y'C': o0;My VNMB"]"g+%" K9'SL
'a0;'%z&' MN'y'C': oJp"C %" K99Y)"_"b '
"L';+
b) Cơ chế hoạt động:
%" K"_'^ b _G22%"M}":"'%z&xC B%
\":" *Yd'E23J"]C"E2%"'RV\%Y)Y>J"g"m'%z&Vp"":"
*Yd'E23J0;E23J8L'"PZ328\[+w"VN'%z&"ma'%N"0;Mb
"L'"]":" *Yd'YB"P06 ":" *Yd'%" 'Vp"'%z&J"mYq"'%6"0;
"L%'g""]""L'M='%z&+L';06 ":"E2%"C"K; Z0;"'
['<M='%z&;06 ":"'KU' 0;":" "" '+
c) Tính chất:
5%""_Ybf'%z&":" *Yd'E23J‚E23J%" K+# '%z
& *Yd'E23J2%"'"%• "" KJ%"':"\p''R&'>
%"Yv V\%Y)Y>"]C"V^'C%"+;"_ B%'*j Y:"
%1E23JŒE23J2%"2Œ2%"KŒ%"Œ%" KŒ'Y2
.ŒH2|;C M;+
; ":" *Yd'E23J0;E23J%" KJ%""s"_Ybf'%z&
":" *Yd'E23JF0;E23J8%" K+
5%""_Ybf'%z&;';' MN'J%"J"' J
KU' JJ '0;'';%"J;Y)"\"_S' "%b":"
C Y:"+5%"'%z b ":""" K"_&'>606
":""L'"_&'>v+(:" "" K"_:"' J%"JG2KU' M=
%"']&Y:+
w%""_C'S""L'y0h"_!8J?4?J?0; 7'VN?
(+_
MB06 " KE2YiMB'p%J"'0;Y)Vp"Mb07My
(
F…
+
4. Oligo 1,6-glucosidase (dextrinase tới hạn) (EC 3.2.1.10)
2384
;"_'^'%z& *Yd'E23J4%" K' 'J0;
":"KU' '6 C';Vl"_'^*Vp"+;"_yO/OVQ'l
"m"_'":"C'b\ZVC C"J'_"b\[+; 43J4%" KJ7
KU' "]C'm"w"JC'b\"s"_"' 43J4%" KX4
0;KU' 43J4%" K43J4%" KKU' 22%""K+! C
;VB%'%z&KU' ' 7'V^E20;G2KV_'K%
K="'%z&"_ B%'+
7'VN'w 'q""":"C'VN"]":"KU' ;
(0;!'w 'q";?J3+
5. Enzyme pullulanase (α-dextrin6-glucosidase) (EC 3.2.1.41)
;"_'^'%z&":" *Yd'E23J"]' MN'J%"J%%0;":"
KU' '6 C+ B%V:"gu;SV=0="]":" *Yd'E23J"_by6Vd':"
VN"]+x"M 7';S"_x'"] *Yd'E23J} BYBM* *Yd'E23J;
V B%Y 7"\' d'"&"o' *Yd';
%%& b ":" *Yd'E23J%" KM=MA%'eqMy ":" *Yd'
E23J+_"s"_Ybf']&"btKU' &'> 'L"•Q"_ w"
' w %M} * Yd' E23J%" K+ :" Ka 7VQ "] E2 0;
%%;_M=']&;';+
6. α-glucosidase hay maltase(α-D,glucoside-glucohydrolase) (EC 3.2.1.20)
B%C Lp b ;+5 w%"J _']&
'';%"Y)']&' MN'+,'0;%"'ˆ;N'
VQL'0R"_Ybf']& *Yd'E23JJ'":"%" K0R"_
Ybf"%^":"w"%" KVl0;p%+
III. Cơ chất:
("L'':"Ka"];' MN'0;%"+
1. Tinh bột: ;_("MK'y'S"0P'J"_"]d%'":"C "]Y
JY '&JY <|J'":"C'm"w"J":"C C'0;"_")'e"'@A%:';
Z(
!
3F
I
[
+!C'' MN'"_<K:L'Y:"%06 Yq"'6"'RFVd3?™+ MN'
Y)6""_Yw p *Yb3J8843J+
2 MN';"L'Y:6"V ^<"L%'C'R4C"'”0;"' +z
w0;"' '' MN''l0;Yb31+(b VB%'Ctw"E2
2%"+"_"L%'CC"'”+(gVp" *Yd'My ":"w E23J%" '0;E2
234
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