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305
Photoshop CS4 A–Z
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1
1 2
1
XMP
Menu: –
Shortcut: – See also: XMP sidecar fi les
Version: 6.0, 7.0, CS, CS2,
CS3, CS4
XMP is short for Extensible Metadata
Platform which is a metadata standard
that Adobe built to house the information
that relates to your picture fi les.
Information such as author, camera,
resolution, color space and keywords are all
stored in this format and for the most part
the details are saved within the picture fi le
itself, but when this is not possible the data
is included in a separated sidecar fi le.
The presence of this information makes
searching, sorting and managing of
your pictures much easier as XMP is a
key technology used in many features in
Bridge and other applications in Adobe’s
Creative Suites.
The XMP detail that is linked to your
fi les can be viewed in Photoshop via the
File > File Info dialog (1) or by displaying
the Metadata panel (2) in Bridge (View >
Metadata Panel).
XMP is not the only metadata that can be
stored with your fi les. Details may also be
attached in EXIF, GPS and IPTC formats.
When this occurs Adobe applications such
as Photoshop and Bridge synchronize and
describe this metadata in XMP in order to
ensure better integration with applications
features.
XMP
XMP sidecar fi les
Menu: –
Shortcut: – See also: XMP
Version: 6.0, 7.0, CS, CS2, CS3, CS4
In some situations a portion of the XMP-
based metadata that is stored with a
picture is not saved in the fi le itself. Instead
the information is stored in an XMP fi le
that is saved with the original photograph
(1). This extra fi le is called an XMP sidecar
fi l e ( 2 ) .
One example of the use of sidecar fi les is the
settings changes made when processing a
fi le in the Camera Raw feature. The user
can elect to save these changes settings in
the original fi le or with the fi le in a sidecar
format.
Where the detail is stored can be set in the
preferences for the feature, which can be
selected via the Preferences entry in the
pop-up menu displayed by pressing the
side-arrow next to the Settings menu in
the Camera Raw dialog.
The Edit > Camera Raw Preferences dialog
in Bridge 2.0 provides a clearer choice for
setting up sidecar fi les. The ‘Save image
settings in’ menu provides the options of
using the Camera Raw database or Sidecar
fi les for storing the development settings
(3).
3
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306
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Photoshop CS4 A–Z
1
2
3
4
Zoom In
Original
Zoom Out
ZigZag fi lter
Menu: Filter > Distort > ZigZag
Shortcut: – See also: Filters
Version: 6.0, 7.0, CS, CS2,
CS3, CS4
The ZigZag fi lter, as one of the group of
Distort fi lters, simulates up and down
waves such as pond ripples.
The dialog contains controls that adjust
the style and intensity of the effect. The
Amount slider (1) alters the strength of
the ripple effect, which basically translates
to the depth and height of the resultant
waves. Low values create shallower, more
subtle effects; higher numbers produce
more dramatic results.
The Ridges slider (2) increases or decreases
the number of ridges used in the effect.
Three different types of ZigZag fi ltration
are available from the drop-down Style
menu (3) – Pond ripples, Out from the
center and Around the center.
Also included is a simulated preview
window, where the fi lter is applied to a wire
frame representation of your picture (4).
Zoom In/Zoom Out
Menu: View > Zoom In/Zoom Out
Shortcut: Ctrl/Cmd =
Ctrl/Cmd -
See also: Zoom tool,
Navigator
Version: 6.0, 7.0, CS, CS2, CS3, CS4
The View > Zoom In/Zoom out menu
options magnify and reduce the size of the
onscreen image in a way that is similar to
the Zoom tool.
Each selection of the menu item (or
keystroke combination) changes the
magnifi cation of the image by set
increments between a minimum of 1 pixel
(usually less than 1%) and a maximum of
3200%.
ZIGZAG FILTER
Zoom to 3200%
Menu: View > Zoom In
Shortcut: Ctrl/Cmd + See also: View
Version: CS3, CS4
New for Photoshop CS3/CS4 is the ability
to zoom in to a magnifi cation of 3200%.
At this level the pixels that make up even
a high resolution image like the example
are clearly visible.
Original
Zoomed to 3200%
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307
Photoshop CS4 A–Z
1 2
3
Zoom tool
Menu: –
Shortcut: Z See also: Match Zoom,
Navigator
Version: 6.0, 7.0, CS, CS2,
CS3, CS4
The Zoom tool is used to adjust the
magnifi cation of your picture on screen.
After selecting the tool from the toolbar,
choose a mode, Zoom In (1) or Zoom Out
(2), from the settings in the options bar.
Next click onto the picture part that you
want to magnify, or make smaller. The
onscreen image will increase, or decrease,
in size and the magnifi cation value will be
displayed in the title bar of the document
window (3).
Sections of a picture can be zoomed to fi t
the width of the program’s workspace by
click-dragging a zoom marquee around
the area to be enlarged. Automatically
the selected area is enlarged to fi t the
workspace.
ZOOM TOOL
Zoomify
Menu: File > Export > Zoomify
Shortcut: – See also: ZoomView fi les
Version: CS3, CS4
In CS3 and CS4 the Export > ZoomView
option has been replaced with the Export
> Zoomify feature. The feature works in
a similar way to its predecessor in that
it allows photographers to display high
quality versions of their high resolution
images on the internet.
Unlike ZoomView, though, Zoomify doesn’t
require an additional viewer to be installed
to view the resultant web pages. The image
tiles that are combined to make it possible
to zoom and pan across the high resolution
image are created in industry standard
JPEG format and the containing page and
navigation controls are built with HTML
and Flash.
The functionality and look of the viewer
can be customized by editing the Flash
source code fi le (FLA fi le).
After opening the picture that you want to
convert to a high resolution web format,
select File > Export > Zoomify. Adjust the
settings in the Zoomify Export such as the
Output location, Image Tile Options, and
Browser Options.
To complete the process click the OK button
at the top of the dialog. This will start the
process of creating the tiled image fi les,
web page and navigational components
of the zoomify site.
Full screen zoom High resolution using Zoomify
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Photoshop CS4 A–Z
Standard view
1
ZoomView format
Menu: File > Export > ZoomView
Shortcut: – See also: ZoomView fi les
Version: 6.0, 7.0, CS, CS2
The ZoomView fi le format is designed for
delivering high resolution images over the
internet.
Photoshop users can convert their pictures
into this format by selecting the File >
Export > ZoomView feature.
Pictures in this format can only be
displayed when the free Viewpoint media
player (www.viewpoint.com ) is installed.
Once installed the user can then zoom and
pan high resolution photographs that have
been saved in the ZoomView format.
ZOOMVIEW FILES
Zoomed in view
1
2
3
4
ZoomView fi les
Menu: File > Export > ZoomView
Shortcut: – See also: ZoomView format
Version: 6.0, 7.0, CS, CS2
The Export to ZoomView feature allows
image makers to save their pictures in an
innovative high resolution web deliverable
format that allows both panning and
zooming from within the browser
window.
To convert your pictures to the viewpoint
format open the fi le in Photoshop and
then select File > Export > ZoomView (1).
The Viewpoint ZoomView Save dialog
is then displayed (2). Choose to include
instructions with the web page (3), select
the location where the ZoomView fi les
will be saved, input the base fi lename,
allocate a tile size and level of quality, and
the dimensions that the picture window
will be when displayed in a browser, and
click OK.
The feature creates two folders and two
associated fi les including the main page
or HTML fi le (4).
The Export to ZoomView option has been
replaced with the Export to Zoomify
command in Photoshop CS3.
309
Step by step
Photoshop CS4 A–Z
IMPORTING PHOTOS INTO BRIDGE
Finally, choose what other actions Bridge
will take after downloading the fi les. Here
you can select to open Bridge after the
transfer is complete, automatically convert
the images to DNG format and even make
a backup of the originals to another drive.
Clicking the Get Photos button will transfer
your pictures to your hard drive.
3
After fi nding and selecting the source of
the pictures adjust the Import Settings.
Browse for the folder where you want the
photographs to be stored and if you want
to use a subfolder select the way that this
folder will be named from the Create
Subfolder drop-down menu.
2
Select the From Camera or Card Reader
option from the File menu, or select the
Bridge option from the pop-up dialog that
is displayed when the card reader is
connected to the computer. Choose the
Standard dialog.
1
As well as performing the basic setup
actions indicated in the Standard step-by-
step to the left, you can add in metadata
details to be attached to each downloaded
fi le. Here, the Basic Metadata option is used
to add simple author and copyright
information. Use the drop-down menu to
select any presaved metadata templates.
2
To switch the Photo Downloader to the
Advanced version of the feature click on
the Advanced Dialog option at the bottom
of the window.
1
The small checkboxes at the bottom right
of the preview thumbnails can be used to
choose which images to transfer. All photos
are selected by default but can be
deselected by clicking the UnCheck all
option at the bottom of the preview
window. Click the Get Photos button to
start the import process.
3
01 IMPORTING PHOTOS INTO BRIDGE
From camera or card
reader (Standard)
Menu: Bridge: File > Get Photos From Camera
Shortcut: – OS: Mac, Windows
Version: CS3, CS4 See
also:
Adobe Photo Downloader
(APD)
From camera or card
reader (Advanced)
Menu: Bridge: File > Get Photos From Camera
Shortcut: – OS: Mac, Windows
Version: CS3, CS4 See
also:
Adobe Photo
Downloader (APD)
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310
Photoshop CS4 A–Z
CHANGING BRIGHTNESS
Moving the Midtone Input slider to the left
increases the brightness of the photo.
Levels
Menu: Image > Adjustments > Levels
Shortcut: Ctrl/Cmd L OS: Mac, Windows
Version: 6.0, 7.0, CS,
CS2, CS3
See
also:
Levels command
02 CHANGING BRIGHTNESS
Before
The simplest way to make a photo brighter
using the Curves feature is to click-drag the
midtone part of the curve upwards.
Dragging the curve downwards makes the
photo darker. Using curves to perform this
action means that both the shadows and
highlight tones are left untouched by the
changes.
Curves
Menu: Image > Adjustments > Curves
Shortcut: Ctrl/Cmd M OS: Mac, Windows
Version: 6.0, 7.0, CS,
CS2, CS3,
CS4
See
also:
Curves
The Shadow/Highlight feature provides
some brightness control using the Shadows
controls as long as the Tonal Width value
is kept pretty high. Moving the Amount
slider right brightens the darkest portions
of the image.
Shadow/Highlight
Menu: Image > Adjustments > Shadow/Highlight
Shortcut: – OS: Mac, Windows
Version: CS, CS2,
CS3, CS4
See
also:
Shadow/Highlight
The Brightness/Contrast feature provides
a quick and easy adjustment of the overall
brightness of the image. Pushing the slider
to the right lightens the midtones.
Brightness/Contrast
Menu: Image > Adjustments > Brightness/Contrast
Shortcut: – OS: Mac, Windows
Version: 6.0, 7.0, CS,
CS2, CS3,
CS4
See
also:
Brightness/Contrast
After
311
Step by step
Photoshop CS4 A–Z
Holding the Alt key whilst moving these
Input sliders will preview the pixels that are
being converted to pure black or white
(clipped). Move the sliders in until you see
the fi rst few pixels and then adjust the
sliders slightly to ensure no pixels are being
clipped.
To reduce contrast in a photo, drag the
Black and White Output sliders towards the
center of the histogram.
2
To increase contrast in a photograph move
the Highlight and Shadow input sliders in
the Levels dialog towards the center of the
histogram.
1
3
To add more contrast click-drag the
highlight portion of the curve upwards and
the Shadow section downwards. This
creates a classic S shape to the curve. To
reduce the contrast reverse these actions
moving the shadows upwards and the
highlights downwards.
2
The newly revised Curves feature provides
more tonal enhancement options than ever
before. With the addition of a black and
white input slider you can perform the
same contrast enhancement step as in the
Levels feature. Just move the Highlight and
Shadow input sliders in the Levels dialog
towards the center of the histogram.
Holding the Alt key whilst moving these
Input sliders will preview the pixels that are
being converted to pure black or white
(clipped). As with the Levels sliders move
the controls inwards until you see the fi rst
few pixels and then adjust the sliders
slightly to ensure no pixels are being
clipped.
1
Levels
Menu: Image > Adjustments > Levels
Shortcut: Ctrl/Cmd L OS: Mac, Windows
Version: 6.0, 7.0, CS,
CS2, CS3,
CS4
See
also:
Levels command
Curves
Menu: Image > Adjustments > Curves
Shortcut: Ctrl/Cmd M OS: Mac, Windows
Version: CS3, CS4 See
also:
Curves
03 ADJUSTING CONTRAST
ADJUSTING CONTRAST
Before
After
Step by step
312
Photoshop CS4 A–Z
05 SHARPENING
The Auto Color feature provides a handy
one-click correction of many color cast
problems. If the results are not what you
expect then undo the action by immediate-
ly selecting the Edit > Undo Auto Color
option.
Using the Variations feature requires you
to recognize the nature of the cast in your
photos and then to click on a thumbnail
sample that will help reduce the problem.
In this example Decrease Red and Increase
Green were both used to help correct the
picture.
The Amount slider is used to alter the
degree of change applied when each
thumbnail sample is pressed.
Select the sharpening type from the
Remove list. Choose Lens Blur for less halo
effects at higher sharpening settings.
3
Adjust the Radius slider to control the
number of pixels surrounding an edge that
is included in the effect.
2
Select the Smart Sharpen fi lter. Adjust the
Amount slider to control the strength of
the fi lter.
1
04 REMOVING COLOR CASTS
After
Before
Auto Color Correction
Menu: Image > Adjustments > Auto Color
Shortcut: Shft Ctrl/Cmd B OS: Mac, Windows
Version: 6.0, 7.0, CS,
CS2, CS3, CS4
See
also:
Auto Color Correction
Variations
Menu: Image > Adjustments > Variations
Shortcut: – OS: Mac, Windows
Version: 6.0, 7.0, CS,
CS2, CS3,
CS4
See
also:
Variations
Adjust Sharpness
Menu: Filter > Sharpen > Smart Sharpen
Shortcut: – OS: Mac, Windows
Version: CS2, CS3,
CS4
See
also:
Unsharp Mask fi lter,
Smart Sharpen fi lter
Before
Choose the More Refi ned option for more
precise sharpening results but longer
processing times.
4
REMOVING COLOR CASTS
Like the Variations feature it is important
to be able to identify the nature of the cast
before using the control. Then use the
sliders in the Color Balance feature to
remove a cast by adding in the opposite
color to the image. For example, with an
image with a red cast you will need to move
the Cyan/Red slider to the Cyan end of the
control. Color Balance also has the option
to localize the changes to a specifi c set of
tones – shadows, midtones or highlights.
Color Balance
Menu: Image > Adjustments > Color Balance
Shortcut: – OS: Mac, Windows
Version: 6.0, 7.0, CS,
CS2, CS3
See
also:
Color Balance
The Auto Levels option can also provide
good cast removal results and it can be a
good idea to try an auto option fi rst before
moving on to more manual approaches if
necessary.
Auto Levels
Menu: Image > Adjustments > Auto Levels
Shortcut: Shft Ctrl/Cmd L OS: Mac, Windows
Version: 6.0, 7.0, CS,
CS2, CS3
See
also:
Auto Levels,
Auto Contrast
313
Step by step
Photoshop CS4 A–Z
Adjust the opacity of this layer to govern
the level of sharpening. Sharpening using
this technique means that you can remove
or adjust the strength of the effect later by
manipulating the fi ltered layer.
3
With the fi ltered layer still selected switch
the blend mode to Hard Light. This mode
blends both the dark and light parts of the
fi ltered layer with the picture layer, causing
an increase in contrast.
2
Make a copy (Layer > Duplicate Layer) of
the picture layer that you want to sharpen.
Filter the copied layer with the High Pass
fi lter (Filter > Other > High Pass) and press
OK.
1
Next, apply the Find Edges fi lter (Filter >
Stylize > Find Edges) to the grayscale layer
and then invert the results (Image >
Adjustments > Invert).
2
The fi rst step to using the Find Edges fi lter
to confi ne sharpening to just the edges of
a picture is to make a copy of the back-
ground layer (Layer > Duplicate Layer)
and desaturate the color (Image >
Adjustments > Desaturate).
1
Now click back to the new Smart Object
layer and select the Unsharp Mask or Smart
Sharpen fi lter from the Filter > Sharpen
menu. Click OK to the dialog without
making any changes and then Alt/Opt click
the Smart Filter’s thumbnail mask to display
it in the main work area. Now paste the
memory contents to the mask (Ctrl/Cmd V).
With the edge mask now in place, double-
click the Unsharp Mask fi lter entry in the
Layers palette and adjust the sharpening
settings to suit.
4
You can also allocate the amount of RAM
set aside specifi cally for Photoshop in this
dialog. With the scratch disks now set up
click OK to close the window and then quit
Photoshop as the changes will not take
effect until you restart the program.
3
The Performance dialog has settings to
allocate all the hard disks you have installed
as extra RAM. It is best not to use the same
location for Windows/Mac OS virtual
memory. It is also worth selecting your
fastest drive fi rst as the extra speed will
also help increase performance.
2
The preferences settings for Photoshop are
located under the Edit > Preferences menu.
Here you will fi nd a series of settings that
allow you to adjust the default workings
of the program. To change or allocate
scratch disks select the Performance or
Plug-Ins & Scratch Disks option.
1
High Pass sharpening
Menu: Filter > Sharpen > Smart Sharpen
Shortcut: – OS: Mac, Windows
Version: 6.0, 7.0, CS,
CS2, CS3,
CS4
See
also:
Unsharp Mask fi lter,
Smart Sharpen fi lter
Find Edges sharpening
Menu: Filter > Sharpen > Smart Sharpen
Shortcut: – OS: Mac, Windows
Version: CS3, CS4 See
also:
Unsharp Mask fi lter,
Smart Sharpen, fi lter
Smart Objects
Scratch disks
Menu: Edit > Preferences > Performance
Shortcut: – OS: Mac, Windows
Version: 6.0, 7.0, CS,
CS2, CS3,
CS4
See
also:
Preferences, Photoshop
After
06 SPEEDING UP
PHOTOSHOP
Now to add the sharpening to just the
edges with the aid of the new Smart Filters
technology. Start by converting the image
layer to a Smart Object layer (Layer > Smart
Objects > Convert to Smart Object). Next
switch back to the fi ltered layer and select
all of the image content (Ctrl/Cmd A) and
copy this to memory (Ctrl/Cmd C).
3
SHARPENING
Step by step
314
Photoshop CS4 A–Z
Adjust the Amount slider to control the
strength of the fi lter, checking the results
in both the thumbnail and full image
previews. Click OK to fi nish.
3
Tick the Monochromatic option to restrict
the effect to changes in the tone of pixels
rather than color.
2
Select the Add Noise fi lter from the Noise
section of the Filter menu. Adjust the
thumbnail preview to a view of 100% and
tick the Preview option. Select Uniform for
an even distribution of new pixels across
the image, or pick Gaussian for a more
speckled effect.
1
Move the Scaling slider to change the size
of the texture. Adjust the Relief slider to
control the dominance of the fi lter. Select
a Light direction to adjust the highlights
and shadow areas of the texture.
2
Select the Texturizer fi lter from the Texture
section of the Filter menu. Adjust the
thumbnail preview to a view of 100%.
Select Texture type from the drop-down
menu.
1
Tick the invert box to switch the texture
position from ‘hills’ to ‘valleys’ or reverse
the texture’s light and dark tones. Click OK
to fi nish.
3
Once back at the Texturizer dialog, move
the Scaling slider to change the size of the
texture. Adjust the Relief slider to control
the dominance of the fi lter. Select a Light
direction to adjust the highlights and
shadow areas of the texture. Click OK to
fi lter the photo.
3
Pick the Load Texture item from the drop-
down list in the Texture menu. Browse
folders and fi les to locate texture fi les. Click
fi le name and then open to select.
2
Shoot, scan or design a texture image and
save as a Photoshop fi le (.PSD). Next, select
the Texturizer fi lter from the Texture
heading in the Filter menu.
1
07 INCORPORATING TEXTURE
After
Before
Adding noise
Menu: Filters > Noise > Add Noise
Shortcut: Ctrl F OS: Mac, Windows
Version: 6.0, 7.0, CS,
CS2, CS3,
CS4
See
also:
Add Noise fi lter
The Texturizer fi lter
Menu: Filters > Texture > Texturizer
Shortcut: Ctrl F OS: Mac, Windows
Version: 6.0, 7.0, CS,
CS2, CS3,
CS4
See
also:
Texturizer fi lter
DIY texture
Menu: Filters > Texture > Texturizer
Shortcut: Ctrl F OS: Mac, Windows
Version: 6.0, 7.0, CS,
CS2, CS3,
CS4
See
also:
Texturizer fi lter
INCORPORATING TEXTURE
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